Walls by Finite Elements

Most data are entered interactively in the graphical user interface.

To support this, DXF slides can be read in and self-defined auxiliary structures or auxiliary grids can be used.

Thanks to a locally definable coordinate system and direction-oriented data entry, points/components can be defined easily and accurately via the graphical user interface or by entering numerical coordinates.

The Undo/Redo functionality allows work steps to be undone/restored, which supports a safe and effective workflow.

Various import options top off the data entry.

The load-bearing behaviour of the wall (diaphragm) is influenced by:

• Globally adjustable basic parameters such as
  • Relevant standards
  • Concrete qualities and steel grades
  • Durability specifications to define concrete properties, exposure classes, permissible crack widths and permissible limit diameters
  • Reinforcement layer for the definition of the centre of gravity of the front and rear reinforcement layer

• Area definitions such as
  • Reinforcement areas for the definition of a basic reinforcement and to specify rotated directions of the reinforcement
  • Thickness areas to describe partial wall areas with different thicknesses

• Line-type and point-type supports
  • Supports for the definition of support springs, whose stiffness can be customised by the user

Loads are defined in various load cases, to which always a unique action group is assigned. All loads in a load case are assumed to apply always simultaneously. By assigning individual loads to an alternative group, these loads can be defined as to exclude each other.

All possible combinations are automatically considered in the calculation. The user can exclude particular load cases from the superposition.

Load types:

The available loads are point loads and line loads. For line loads, a distinction can be made between constant and non-constant loading.

Point loads or line loads. Point or line supports can also be created interactively via the corresponding components directly on the graphical user interface.

The automatic mesh generator allows the generation of meshes with square elements.

The user can freely define the design points that should be calculated. When defining the design points, the element size can be specified.

By entering constraint geometries, the user can further influence the mesh generation.

Freely definable lines, points and circles are available for this purpose.

Square iso-parametric displacement elements are used for the calculation of the wall. These elements provide for the efficient and sufficiently accurate calculation of the internal forces acting on walls typical in building construction.

The design of the reinforcement is performed in accordance with the Baumann method. A cracked slab element is used as a model. The design approach assumes an orthogonal mesh reinforcement. The reinforcement direction can be defined as desired. In this design calculation, the user can select whether the required compression reinforcement should be determined when the permissible compressive stress is exceeded.

The utilization of the concrete compressive stress is determined and, if necessary, the required compressive reinforcement.

• Tension force design of the wall
• Determination of the concrete utilization

The existing crack width or the permissible limit diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement is calculated depending on the reinforcement ratio of the tensile reinforcement.

In addition to an extensive graphic and tabular output to create structural calculation documents in A4 format, all graphics can also be put out in the so-called drawing format. For the drawings, various title block templates can be defined and used subsequently.

The output profile offers a variety of setting options to create an individual structural analysis document. The scale is freely selectable.

• Walls defined in the GEO Building Model can be imported with all loads and geometric details
• Data can also be imported into the SCN program from various CAD programs
• Via a direct interface to GLASER -isb cad-, CAD data can be read in and further processed on this basis
• Also, data from Allplan can be imported if the structural components have been processed appropriately in Allplan
• Via a DXF interface, geometry data in the form of auxiliary constructions can be imported from all common CAD programs. These data can be used in the program via a snap function supporting the easy entry of the geometry

• Graphical representations and results can be exported to a DXF file
• Reinforcement data are transferred in an open data format called ASF. How these data can be used in the target system depends on the functions available there. The ASF format allows the transfer of all data produced in the FE analysis. With this data, all results can be visualised in the ALLPLAN CAD system and used interactively in the creation of the reinforcement design
• A special interface has also been set up for the GLASER -isb cad- software, which can be used to generate the reinforcement